HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY Renewable Energy and the Environment ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT SERIES EDITOR Abbas Ghassemi New Mexico State University PUBLISHED TITLES Hydroelectric Energy: Renewable Energy and the Environment Bikash Pandey and Ajoy Karki Geologic Fundamentals of Geothermal Energy David R. Boden Introduction to Bioenergy Vaughn Nelson and Kenneth Starcher Introduction to Renewable Energy, Second Edition Vaughn Nelson and Kenneth Starcher Environmental Impacts of Renewable Energy Frank R. Spellman Geothermal Energy: Renewable Energy and the Environment, Second Edition William E. Glassley Energy Resources: Availability, Management, and Environmental Impacts Kenneth J. Skipka and Louis Theodore Finance Policy for Renewable Energy and a Sustainable Environment Michael Curley Wind Energy: Renewable Energy and the Environment, Second Edition Vaughn Nelson Solar Radiation: Practical Modeling for Renewable Energy Applications Daryl R. Myers Solar and Infrared Radiation Measurements Frank Vignola, Joseph Michalsky, and Thomas Stoffel Forest-Based Biomass Energy: Concepts and Applications Frank Spellman Solar Energy: Renewable Energy and the Environment Robert Foster, Majid Ghassemi, Alma Cota, Jeanette Moore, and Vaughn Nelson HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY Renewable Energy and the Environment Bikash Pandey Ajoy Karki CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2017 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed on acid-free paper Version Date: 20160706 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-1167-2 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the valid - ity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or uti - lized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopy - ing, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http:// www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Names: Pandey, Bikash, author. | Karki, Ajoy, author. Title: Hydroelectric energy : renewable energy and the environment / Bikash Pandey and Ajoy Karki. Description: Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2017. | Series: Energy and the environment | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016017621 | ISBN 9781439811672 (hardcover : acid - free paper) Subjects: LCSH: Water - power. | Hydroelectric power plants -- Environmental aspects. | Water resources development. Classification: LCC TK1081 .P34 2017 | DDC 621.31/2134 -- dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016017621 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com